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BiomarkerIron & Micronutrients

Ferritin

Iron stores — with an inflammation caveat

Last reviewed
July 2026
Version
1.0
Review cadence
Annually

Overview

Ferritin is the body's main iron-storage protein, and serum ferritin usually reflects total iron stores. It is also an acute-phase reactant, meaning it rises with inflammation independent of iron.

Why it matters

Ferritin is the best single test for iron deficiency — the world's most common nutritional deficiency — and for iron overload. Its dual nature (iron store and inflammation marker) makes careful interpretation essential.

Start Here

New to this? Read these first

  1. FoundationNutritionThe parent guide to the dietary patterns that most improve health.
  2. ConditionIron Deficiency & AnaemiaThe commonest nutritional deficiency in the world — and a finding that always has a cause
  3. Body SystemImmuneDefense, inflammation, and resilience to illness.
Typical Journey

How this usually unfolds

  1. Measure it
  2. Understand your result
  3. See what raises and lowers it
  4. Apply evidence-based interventions
  5. Recheck on your review cadence

An orientation to how this topic is typically approached — not medical advice.

Optimal Range

Where the evidence points

Low ferritin (roughly < 30 ng/mL, and especially < 15) indicates iron deficiency; high values may reflect iron overload or inflammation. Typical reference ranges differ by sex.

Because inflammation raises ferritin, a 'normal' value can mask iron deficiency; clinicians pair it with other iron studies and CRP when needed.

Clinical interpretation

Low ferritin is specific for depleted iron stores and warrants finding the cause (e.g., blood loss, low intake, malabsorption). High ferritin needs context — it may signal iron overload (e.g., hemochromatosis) or simply inflammation.

What raises and lowers it

Raises it

  • Iron overload (e.g., hemochromatosis)
  • Inflammation and infection
  • Liver disease
  • Excess iron supplementation

Lowers it

  • Iron deficiency (blood loss, low intake, malabsorption)
  • Menstruation and pregnancy demands
  • Frequent blood donation
Related Evidence

How this connects across BioSignal

Related Foundations

Related body systems

Related conditions

Related pharmaceuticals

  • Oral or IV iron (deficiency)
  • Phlebotomy (overload)

Related lifestyle interventions

  • Dietary iron and vitamin C for absorption
  • Address sources of blood loss

Diagnostics

  • Serum ferritin blood test
  • Often ordered with iron, transferrin saturation, and CRP

Frequently asked questions

My ferritin is 'normal' but I'm told I'm iron-deficient — how?

Inflammation raises ferritin, so a mid-range value can hide low iron stores. That's why clinicians look at the full iron panel and inflammation markers together.

Evidence summary

Ferritin is a validated, first-line marker for iron status; its main limitation — elevation by inflammation — is well characterized and managed with adjunct tests.

References & sources

  • WHO guidance on ferritin for assessing iron status
  • Hematology society iron-deficiency guidelines

Sources are named authoritative guidelines and scientific bodies. Biomarker pages present established clinical context; calibrated evidence verdicts on specific interventions live in the linked Signal Records.

Educational information — not medical advice

Reference ranges and interpretation vary by laboratory, assay, age, and individual. Use this to understand the science, then interpret your own results with a qualified clinician. See our Medical Disclaimer.

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