Ferritin
Iron stores — with an inflammation caveat
Overview
Ferritin is the body's main iron-storage protein, and serum ferritin usually reflects total iron stores. It is also an acute-phase reactant, meaning it rises with inflammation independent of iron.
Why it matters
Ferritin is the best single test for iron deficiency — the world's most common nutritional deficiency — and for iron overload. Its dual nature (iron store and inflammation marker) makes careful interpretation essential.
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How this usually unfolds
- Measure it
- Understand your result
- See what raises and lowers it
- Apply evidence-based interventions
- Recheck on your review cadence
Where the evidence points
Low ferritin (roughly < 30 ng/mL, and especially < 15) indicates iron deficiency; high values may reflect iron overload or inflammation. Typical reference ranges differ by sex.
Because inflammation raises ferritin, a 'normal' value can mask iron deficiency; clinicians pair it with other iron studies and CRP when needed.
Clinical interpretation
Low ferritin is specific for depleted iron stores and warrants finding the cause (e.g., blood loss, low intake, malabsorption). High ferritin needs context — it may signal iron overload (e.g., hemochromatosis) or simply inflammation.
What raises and lowers it
Raises it
- Iron overload (e.g., hemochromatosis)
- Inflammation and infection
- Liver disease
- Excess iron supplementation
Lowers it
- Iron deficiency (blood loss, low intake, malabsorption)
- Menstruation and pregnancy demands
- Frequent blood donation
How this connects across BioSignal
Related Foundations
Related comparisons
Related body systems
Related conditions
Related pharmaceuticals
Related lifestyle interventions
Diagnostics
- Serum ferritin blood test
- Often ordered with iron, transferrin saturation, and CRP
Frequently asked questions
My ferritin is 'normal' but I'm told I'm iron-deficient — how?
Inflammation raises ferritin, so a mid-range value can hide low iron stores. That's why clinicians look at the full iron panel and inflammation markers together.
Evidence summary
Ferritin is a validated, first-line marker for iron status; its main limitation — elevation by inflammation — is well characterized and managed with adjunct tests.
References & sources
- WHO guidance on ferritin for assessing iron status
- Hematology society iron-deficiency guidelines
Educational information — not medical advice
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