Testosterone
Total and free — the primary androgen
Overview
Testosterone is the principal androgen, important in both sexes but present at much higher levels in men. Labs report total testosterone and, when needed, free (unbound) testosterone.
Why it matters
Testosterone influences libido, muscle and bone, mood, and energy. Diagnosing genuine deficiency (hypogonadism) matters — but so does avoiding over-treatment of normal age-related decline, where benefits are modest and risks real.
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How this usually unfolds
- Measure it
- Understand your result
- See what raises and lowers it
- Apply evidence-based interventions
- Recheck on your review cadence
Where the evidence points
Adult male total testosterone reference ranges commonly span roughly 300–1000 ng/dL, but assays and lab norms vary widely; female ranges are much lower.
Measure in the morning, fasting, and confirm low results on a repeat test; free testosterone helps when binding proteins are abnormal.
Clinical interpretation
Low testosterone with consistent symptoms may indicate hypogonadism warranting evaluation of the cause. A single low reading — or a low-normal value without symptoms — usually does not justify treatment.
What raises and lowers it
Raises it
- Treating underlying causes (e.g., weight loss, sleep)
- Testosterone therapy (clinician-directed, for diagnosed hypogonadism)
Lowers it
- Obesity and insulin resistance
- Poor sleep and sleep apnea
- Opioids and certain medications
- Aging
- Chronic illness and overtraining
How this connects across BioSignal
Related Foundations
Related comparisons
Related conditions
Related pharmaceuticals
Related lifestyle interventions
Diagnostics
- Morning, fasting blood draw
- Repeat to confirm; add free testosterone / SHBG as needed
Frequently asked questions
Does testosterone naturally drop with age?
Yes, gradually. But much of what's blamed on age is driven by obesity, poor sleep, and illness — often more modifiable than the number suggests.
Is more testosterone always better?
No. Outside diagnosed deficiency, pushing levels higher carries risks without clear benefit, and supraphysiologic use has real harms.
Evidence summary
Testosterone therapy has clear benefit for diagnosed hypogonadism; for age-related low-normal levels the benefits are modest and the long-term risk picture is still being defined.
References & sources
- Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on Testosterone Therapy
- Testosterone Trials (TTrials)
Educational information — not medical advice
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